Trade & Industry: Brazil has formally incorporated the Mercosur–EFTA free trade deal after President Lula signed it, with preferential tariffs for Switzerland and Liechtenstein still pending their internal procedures; the agreement takes effect Oct 1 for Brazil and Iceland and Nov 1 for Norway, aiming to cut tariffs, quotas and other trade frictions across industrial and agricultural goods. Automotive Market Signals: Chinese automakers kept gaining ground in Europe in August, with BYD registrations more than doubling across the EU plus the UK, Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway and Switzerland—an early warning for local industry as European brands face weaker demand and higher costs. Pharma & Regulation: The European Commission granted marketing authorisation for NEZGLYAL® (leriglitazone) for childhood cerebral adrenoleukodystrophy (cALD), the first pharmacological option approved in the EU for eligible male patients aged 2–12 with Gd-negative lesions. Customs & Agriculture: Qatar’s customs authority clarified that higher poultry and vegetable tariffs apply only to imports from non-exempt countries under preferential agreements, listing Liechtenstein and Switzerland among those covered. EU Industrial Policy: The EU’s “Made in EU” procurement rules are drawing pushback as critics warn they could function as protectionism via local-content and low-carbon requirements for strategic sectors. Liechtenstein Link (Mobility): Germany clarified that Liechtenstein citizens can work in IT without extra visa or residence authorization, aligning cross-border labour access with EU-style rules.